新型低聚合收缩后牙树脂P90临床应用效果的对比观察

目的观察新型低聚合收缩后牙树脂FiltekTMP90的临床疗效,并与传统后牙树脂FiltekTMP60相比较。方法将20名患者的同颌同名同洞型牙齿进行自身对照,一侧用P90树脂充填,一侧用P60树脂充填,于术后6个月、1年、2年复查,观察两种树脂的充填效果。结果 P90和P60充填体的2年成功率分别为90%和85%,差异无统计学意义。结论 P90和P60树脂的2年充填效果均令人满意。     

B超监视妇产科手术仪在人工流产术中的应用

目的探讨B超监视妇产科手术仪在人工流产术中的应用效果。方法将本院2012年3～12月收治疗的120例要求终止妊娠的妇女随机分为两组,对照组给予常规人工流产手术治疗,而观察组在B超监视妇产科手术仪的监视下进行手术,观察两组治疗效果。结果观察组手术时间和术后月经恢复时间以及术中出血量均明显少于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。观察组术后并发症发生率为1．7％,对照组术后并发症发生率为15．0％,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论临床人工流产手术中应用B超监视妇产科手术仪能够有效缩短手术时间,促进术后月经的恢复,值得临床应用。     

带四直肌帽状巩膜下义眼座植入术的动物实验研究

目的 观察带四直肌帽状巩膜下和自体巩膜下羟基磷灰石（HA）义眼座植入术后,巩膜变化情况,植入物纤维血管化进程、炎症细胞浸润等与植入物暴露的关系.方法 将18只兔随机分为两组,实验组（带四直肌帽状巩膜下HA植入术）和对照组（自体巩膜下HA植入术）各9只,术后1个月、2个月、3个月观察各组2只兔眶内植入物纤维血管化进程和炎症细胞浸润情况.观察巩膜活性和溶解性改变及隔栅作用持续时间.结果 实验组9只眼无一例义眼座暴露.对照组9只眼有2只眼在术后12 d,1只眼在术后16 d义眼座暴露,巩膜完全溶解呈灰白色凝胶状.结论 义眼座暴露的发生与其纤维血管化延迟和炎症的反应有关,同时与巩膜溶解隔栅作用的丧失有关,带四直肌帽状巩膜可能是克服这一缺陷的一种方法.     

珊瑚羟基磷灰石人工骨植骨用于骨肿瘤治疗的病例对照研究

目的：评价珊瑚羟基磷灰石人工骨用于良性骨肿瘤切除后重建的效果,并与异体松质骨作比较。方法整理从2004年12月至2008年7月我院使用珊瑚羟基磷灰石与异体松质骨植骨的两组病例各62例。两组病例在治疗时间、年龄、性别、病种、病灶部位、植骨量和随访时间等方面均匹配良好。通过影像学和临床随访,评估并比较植骨的愈合速度和愈合率,分析影响人工骨愈合的因素。结果羟基磷灰石的初步愈合率为62.9％,异体骨的初步愈合率为96.8％,差异有统计学意义（ P＝0.000）;羟基磷灰石的平均初步愈合时间为（13.3±7.5）个月,异体骨平均初步愈合时间为（8.8±4.9）个月,差异有统计学意义（P ＝0.000）。性别（ P＝0.369）、年龄（ P＝0.290）、病灶部位（ P＝0.704）、病种（ P＝0.994）和植骨量（ P＝0.348）均不是影响羟基磷灰石愈合情况的显著因素。羟基磷灰石组与异体骨组患者术后MSTS平均分分别为（28.8±1.8）分和（29.0±1.5）分,两组无显著差异（P＝0.450）。结论羟基磷灰石用于良性骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损的重建,术后功能满意,但愈合率和愈合速度均低于异体骨。     

The potential of biomimesis in bone tissue engineering: lessons from the design and synthesis of invertebrate skeletons

Synthetic bone replacement materials are now widely used in orthopedics. However, to date, replication of trabecular bone structure and mechanical competence has proved elusive. Maximization of bone tissue attachment to replacement materials requires a highly organized porous structure for tissue integration and a template for assembly, combined with structural properties analogous to living bone. Natural structural biomaterials provide an abundant source of novel bone replacements. Animal skeletons have been designed through optimization by natural selection to physically support and physiologically maintain diverse tissue types encompassing a variety of functions. These skeletons possess structural properties that provide support for the complete reconstruction and regeneration of ectodermal, mesodermal, and bone tissues derived from animal and human and are thus suited to a diversity of tissue engineering applications. Increased understanding of biomineralization has initiated developments in biomimetic synthesis with the generation of synthetic biomimetic materials fabricated according to biological principles and processes of self-assembly and self-organization. The synthesis of complex inorganic forms, which mimic natural structures, offers exciting avenues for the chemical construction of macrostructures and a new generation of biologically and structurally related bone analogs for tissue engineering.     

人工神经网络用于中药材雷公藤和昆明山海棠的分类识别研究

应用误差反向传播学习算法(BP算法)对中药材雷公藤和昆明山海棠浸出物的红外光谱进行分类识别。网络为3层结构,输入节点为9个,隐层节点为21个,输出节点为1。分类结果与XIM-CA法基本一致。此外,本文还考察了网络参数间的相互关系。     

Artificial intelligence and kidney transplantation

Artificial intelligence and its primary subfield, machine learning, have started to gain widespread use in medicine, including the field of kidney transplantation. We made a review of the literature that used artificial intelligence techniques in kidney transplantation. We located six main areas of kidney transplantation that artificial intelligence studies are focused on: Radiological evaluation of the allograft, pathological evaluation including molecular evaluation of the tissue, prediction of graft survival, optimizing the dose of immunosuppression, diagnosis of rejection, and prediction of early graft function. Machine learning techniques provide increased automation leading to faster evaluation and standardization, and show better performance compared to traditional statistical analysis. Artificial intelligence leads to improved computer-aided diagnostics and quantifiable personalized predictions that will improve personalized patient care.     

Characterisation of tissue shrinkage during microwave thermal ablation

Purpose: The aim of this study was to characterise changes in tissue volume during image-guided microwave ablation in order to arrive at a more precise determination of the true ablation zone. Materials and methods: The effect of power (20–80?W) and time (1–10?min) on microwave-induced tissue contraction was experimentally evaluated in various-sized cubes of ex vivo liver (10–40?mm?±?2?mm) and muscle (20 and 40?mm?±?2?mm) embedded in agar phantoms (N?=?119). Post-ablation linear and volumetric dimensions of the tissue cubes were measured and compared with pre-ablation dimensions. Subsequently, the process of tissue contraction was investigated dynamically during the ablation procedure through real-time X-ray CT scanning. Results: Overall, substantial shrinkage of 52–74% of initial tissue volume was noted. The shrinkage was non-uniform over time and space, with observed asymmetry favouring the radial (23–43 % range) over the longitudinal (21–29%) direction. Algorithmic relationships for the shrinkage as a function of time were demonstrated. Furthermore, the smallest cubes showed more substantial and faster contraction (28–40% after 1?min), with more considerable volumetric shrinkage (>10%) in muscle than in liver tissue. Additionally, CT imaging demonstrated initial expansion of the tissue volume, lasting in some cases up to 3?min during the microwave ablation procedure, prior to the contraction phenomenon. Conclusions: In addition to an asymmetric substantial shrinkage of the ablated tissue volume, an initial expansion phenomenon occurs during MW ablation. Thus, complex modifications of the tissue close to a radiating antenna will likely need to be taken into account for future methods of real-time ablation monitoring.     

中药离子导入对全膝关节置换术后疼痛和肿胀的影响

目的：观察中药离子导入对患者全膝关节置换术（ TKA）后疼痛和肿胀的影响。方法将120例TKA患者随机分为2组,对照组60例TKA术后应用常规治疗和护理方法,治疗组60例TKA术后予中药离子导入。观察2组术后不同时期疼痛、肿胀情况。结果治疗组术后4d、1周、2周、4周疼痛视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分均低于对照组同期（P＜0．05）,2组术后8、12周VAS评分比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。治疗组术后4 d、1周、2周、4周肿胀值均小于对照组同期（P＜0．05）,2组术后8、12周肿胀值比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论 TKA术后患者行中药离子导入可减轻关节疼痛和肿胀,有效改善术后膝关节的功能和活动度,对患者整体功能恢复有重要的临床意义。